| Arabic letter | Transcription | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website |
| Bā' | b | ||||||
| Tā' | t | ||||||
| Ṯā' | θ | ṯ | |||||
| Jīm | dʒ | ǧ | j | ||||
| Ḥā' | ħ | ḥ | |||||
| Ḵā' | χ | ḫ | ḵ | ||||
| Dāl | d | ||||||
| Ḏāl | ð | ḏ | |||||
| Rā' | r | ||||||
| Zāy | z | ||||||
| Sīn | s | ||||||
| Šīn | ʃ | š | |||||
| Ṣād | sˤ | ṣ | |||||
| Ḍād | dˤ | ḍ | |||||
| Ṭā' | tˤ | ṭ | |||||
| Ẓā' | ðˤ | ḍ | |||||
| ˁAyn | ʕ | ʿ | ʕ / ˁ | ||||
| Ḡayn | ʁ | ġ | ḡ | ||||
| Fā' | f | ||||||
| Qāf | q | ||||||
| Kāf | k | ||||||
| Lām | l | ||||||
| mīm | m | ||||||
| Nūn | n | ||||||
| Wāw | w | ||||||
| Hā' | h | ||||||
| Yā' | j | y | |||||
| Arabic | Usage | Description | Trancription | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Final | Medial | Initial | Isolated | Uthmani | Indopak | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website | |
| 'Alif | ✓ | ✓ | 'Alif without any mark following a consonant with Fatḥah indicates the long vowel ā. | |||||||
| – | ✓ | In Indopak script it also replaces both the 'Alif with Hamzah and Waṣl sign. It is pronounced as glottal stop when carrying a vowel mark or Sukūn. Without a mark at the beginning of a word it is silent. | ||||||||
| Hamzat waṣl | ✓ | – | At the beginning of speech or after a pause, it's pronounced as hamzah followed by the vowel: - a in the definite article al - u if the next vowel in the same word is u - i if the next vowel in the same word is a or i Elsewhere it's silent. | |||||||
| Hamzat qaṭˁ | ✓ | – | above 'Alif | ʔ | ʾ | ' | ||||
| ✓ | – | below 'Alif | ||||||||
| ✓ | ✓ | above Wāw | ||||||||
| ✓ | ✓ | above Yā' | ||||||||
| ✓ | ✓ | without a carrier | ||||||||
| Arabic | Transcription | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uthmani | Indopak | |||||
| Final | Isolated | Final | Isolated | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website |
| ʔaː | ʾā | 'ā | ||||
| laː | lā | lā | ||||
| lʔaː | lʾā | l'ā | ||||
| lʔa | lʾa | l'a | ||||
| Arabic | Transcription | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Script | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website |
| Fatḥah | a | |||
| Kasrah | i | |||
| Ḍammah | u | |||
| Arabic | Transcription | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sign / letter | Uthmani | Indopak | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website |
| Fatḥah + 'Alif | aː | ā | |||
| Fatḥah + small 'Alif (Indopak: standing Fatḥah) | |||||
| Fatḥah + 'Alif maqṣūrah | |||||
| Kasrah + Yā' | iː | ī | |||
| Kasrah + small Yā' (Indopak: standing Kasrah) | |||||
| Ḍammah + Wāw | uː | ū | |||
| Ḍammah + small Wāw (Indopak: standing Wāw) | |||||
| Arabic | Transcription | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 | IPA | DIN/DMG | This website |
| Fatḥatan | an | |||||
| Kasratan | in | |||||
| Ḍammatan | un | |||||
| Arabic | Description | Transcription example | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Script | IPA | This website | |
| Silent letter | Indicates that a letter is silent. | not written | ||
| Sukūn | Indicated that a consonant has no vowel. | t | t (single consonant) | |
| Šaddah | Indicated the gemination of a consonant. | tː | tt (doubling of the consonant) | |
| Maddah | Indicated that a long vowel is extended to 2-3 times of it's original length. | taːːː | tā~ (tilde after the vowel) | |
| Sign | Description |
|---|---|
| Don't stop! | |
| Preferred to keep going | |
| Go or stop (50:50) | |
| Preferred to stop | |
| Must stop! | |
| Stop at either of both | |
| Short pause |